Osteoarthritis (OA) is a group of conditions that lead to joint signs and symptoms, which are associated with defective integrity of articular cartilage that can affect the normal daily activities in the elderly with higher social and financial influences on either patient or society. It is characterized by joint inflammation, synovitis, and articular cartilage degeneration with many clinical manifestations such as pain reduced range of movement, crepitus, tenderness, impairment of the muscular performance, and functional capability.
The opioid crisis has become a significant public health issue in America, with addiction stemming primarily from prescribed medications. As...
